. . . //************************************* 📖کتاب #ماشین_ژن ✏️از #ونکی_راما_کریشنان (برنده جایزه نوبل شیمی) 📝ترجمه ی : دکتر #قاسم_کیانی_مقدم 📕ناشر: #انتشارات_مازیار ⏳️تعداد صفحه: 270 //************************************* 🕯قسمت هایی از همین کتاب: 🔍کل ریبوزوم بیش از یک میلیون اتم دارد از آنجا که ریبوزوم پیوند بین ژن های ما و پروتئین هایی است که بر اساس آن ها ساخته می شود، لذا می توان گفت که درست در چهارراه حیات واقع شده است… 🔍ریبوزوم به طریقی به mRNA متصل می شد و اسیدهای آمینه ای را که به وسیله tRNA آورده می شد، به صورت یک پروتئین به یکدیگر می چسباند. 🔍تمام ریبوزوم ها دو بخش دارند، که به نام زیرواحد کوچک و بزرگ شناخته می شوند. زیرواحد کوچک به mRNA که حاوی اطلاعات ژنتیکی است، متصل می شود و زیرواحدهای بزرگ اسیدهای آمینه را که به وسلیه tRNA ها آورده می شود، به یکدیگر می چسباند و یک پروتئین ایجاد می کند. 🔍سوالات دیگری نیز مطرح است که سلول چگونه ریبوزوم ها را تنظیم می کند، و چگونه ویروس ها ریبوزوم ها را در اختیار می گیرند تا ژن های خودشان را ترجمه کنند. سلول ها روش های پیشرفته ای نیز برای متوقف کردن فرایند در مواردی دارند که دچار اشتباه می شوند – فرایندهای کنترل کیفیت زیادی در سلول فعال هستند که به طرق مختلف در ارتباط با ریبوزوم هستند … #ژنوم #رمزگشایی_ژن #دی_ان_ای #زیست_شناسی #کتابخوانی #معرفی_کتاب #کروماتین #زیست_شناسی_مولکولی #Gene_Machine #Venki_Ramakrishnan #DNA #The_race_to_Decipher_the_Secrets_of_Ribosome #RNA #tRNA #mRNA
💅🏻🙋🏻 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
🦋🌹🦋Butterflies & Roses, Vibe with me🦋🌹🦋 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
R15_lover_👑 . . #trending #trendingreels #viralvideos #viralreels #bike #bikelovers #bikelife #mylife #explorepage mylove #mylifelines #explorepage #explore #viralvideos #trna #r15 #r15v3 #mksR15 #r15lovers #r15 #mynewreel #yamaha #bikereels #bike #instagramreels #modal #cutebaby #viralvideos #viral #explorepage #trendingreelsvideo #duke390 reel #ktmindia duke 390 reel
🍷🌸😎Rosé All Day😎🌸🍷 #glistenandglow Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
The recent stabbing events in Bondi and western Sydney have been horrific and traumatising. Right now there is a large effort to organise supportive services for people who have been affected by this. What we don't always take into account is that the first responders and therapists who put their hands up for doing this important work also need to be supported. In addition to training and building a large network of EMDR trained clinicians (specifically in rural and regional Australia), the Trauma Recovery Network Australia of which Dee is part of the management and training team, also aims to provide a supportive network for professionals who are working on the frontline of large scale traumatic events. #trna #emdr
Reverb On Repeat - [reverb on repeat] (Успею/Жить) (2024) (Note: these are two different albums, but I'll be talking about both as one due to them being the same quality as each other and the vinyl format having both under a compilation being a self titled.) Reverb On Repeat is a supergroup compressing members from well known Russian blackgaze/post black metal projects such as Somn, RYE, Trna, and Olhava. Despite compromising of blackgaze artists, this project is straight up a shoegaze project with elements of post rock in it. This album discussed the loneliness and depression that the members had to deal with when moving away from loved ones and their home. The sad yet gorgeous atmosphere of this album helps it out to be one of the best shoegaze albums of the year. Strong 9/10 #musicreview #review #reverbonrepeat #thesehandsmelt #shoegaze #postrock #trna #somn #rye #olhava
🧡 O R A N G E 🧡 • • • #prnails #nailsofinstagram #gelish #dnd #gia #shellac #russianmanure #girlboss #mani #opi #enchantednailsstudio #esmaltadoengel #trna #hair #wax #nailsaddict #sanjuannails #botohair #shortnails #nailpro #gelpolish #inspire #gelnails #nailspr #nailmagazine #aspuertorico #un #newyorknails #pinknails #nail
🌞🌄😎Ohh Lala 😎🌄🌞 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
The beauty that was @elusivesoundch . This label dropped some incredible post/black metal with stunning attention to innovative and beautiful packaging. Just look at this edition of TRNA’s “Pattern Of Infinity” including a hand numbered deluxe slipcase featuring special holographic microtexture foil made by Atelier Bulk and much more. We definitely miss them here at Grape Vinyl HQ! 🍇 🍇 🍇 🍇 #trna #patternofinfinity #blackmetal #blackmetalvinyl #instrumentalblackmetal #atmoblack #atmosphericblackmetal #blackmetalrecords #elusivesound #elusivesoundrecords #postmetal #postmetalvinyl #metalvinyl #metalrecords #metalcollector #metalcollection #vinylcollection #vinyllover #colorvinyl #colourvinyl #coloredvinyl #colouredvinyl
RNA is a single polynucleotide strand. Remember, it contains uracil instead of thymine. You might be asked to compare and contrast mRNA and tRNA. #rna #trna #proteinsynthesis #aqabiologyalevel #alevelbiology #alevelbiologynotes #alevelbiologyrevision
🖤💯. , , , , , ,@it_s_crazy_boy_x_x 👈 #photoshoot #newpost #camera #explorepage #instagram #travelphotography #trna
🐍 #reelsinstagram #trend #trna #post #modal #desi #villa #song #sadstatus #fashionstyle #insda #instadaily #instapost #punjabi #gurjar👑 #muzaffarnagar #uttarpradesh
نتائج احلى زبائن لِ چاي ميري 😍🔥 #explore #explorepage #like #trna #fyp #iraq🇮🇶 #mosul_irq #mosul_insta #العراق_السعودية_قطر_الامارات_الكويت_البحرين_اليمن_الخليج_سوريا_مصر_لبنان_الجزائر_تونس_المغرب_قطر_دبي #ام_الربيعين #الموصل_العراق_بغداد_البصرة_النجف_الموصل_سولف_سوالف_مصلاوية_عتيقة_موصل_انستا_لمتنه_مصلاوي e
🌸🍃🌼Essence of Spring 🌼🍃🌸 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
🧬 Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs. Each type of RNA plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis within cells. 🔬 #rna #genetic #proteinsynthesis #genetics #cell #protein #trna #rnait #nucleus #dna #mesadoko
My.......new--------post..!!!!!!! ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️ . .. .... . . #travelphotography #trending #trendingsongs #trends #trna #trendings #trendingphoto #trendingohoto💖
🌷💐🌹Spring Blooms🌹💐🌷 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
Butterfly wings using @beeskneeslacquer The White Tiger, @lanternandwren Sticky Black Stamping Polish and @nicolediaryofficial Plate 527. canadiannails #polishedcanadians #canadiannailgirl #supportindies #indiepolish #ilovenailpolish #nailpolishaddict #nailpolishaholic #nailpolishlover #nails #nailart #nailpolishaddict #naillover #nailsofig #nailsofinstagram #nailsoftheday #nailsaddict #nailsnailsnails #nailstagram #nailpolishcollector #nailpolishcollection #nailpolishlover #naturalnail #nails #awesomenails #trna #butterflynailart
🏡⏳🗺️Family Home Friends 🗺️⏳🏡 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
🖇❤🩹.... Tag love #love #trna #trending #photooftheday #photoshoot
🌹💐🌷Bloom With Grace 🌷💐🌹 Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
🌹🌤️🌼Welcome Spring 🌼🌤️🌹 #paintedpolish Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
🍃🌷🌧️Spring is in the Air🌧️🌷🍃 #cameocolorslacquers Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
Happy Easter! @zoyanailpolish Charming Collection and @shopants.store Plate XL-018. #canadiannails #polishedcanadians #canadiannailgirl #supportindies #indiepolish #ilovenailpolish #nailpolishaddict #nailpolishaholic #nailpolishlover #nails #nailart #nailpolishaddict #naillover #nailsofig #nailsofinstagram #nailsoftheday #nailsaddict #nailsnailsnails #nailstagram #nailpolishcollector #nailpolishcollection #nailpolishlover #naturalnail #nails #awesomenails #trna #easternails🐰 #eastereggs🐣
8,911) - #Trna - #Istok digisleeve on #CandlelightRecords . . #metalcds #metalcdcollection #metalcdcollector #cdcollector #cdcollection #metalhead #instametal #metalhunterig #blackmetal #postblackmetal
💖❤️🔥 #gana #pic #ganadora #trendingreels #pictureoftheday #picoftheday #picture #pucallpa #tamil #post #newpost #likesforlike #hairstylist #trna #tamil #likesforlike #instamood #instagram #inasraslanphotography #instadaily #instalove #instaphoto #instaart #instaphotography #nature_pics #naturelovers #nature_brilliance #ganasong #naturephoto #instagram #instatravel #instatravel #indtagram #thredup
Some Easter nails. @tonicpolish Waterlily, stamped using @beautybigbangnailart XL 103 and @kadsnailart Festival 019. #canadiannails #polishedcanadians #canadiannailgirl #supportindies #indiepolish #ilovenailpolish #nailpolishaddict #nailpolishaholic #nailpolishlover #nails #nailart #nailpolishaddict #naillover #nailsofig #nailsofinstagram #nailsoftheday #nailsaddict #nailsnailsnails #nailstagram #nailpolishcollector #nailpolishcollection #nailpolishlover #naturalnail #nails #awesomenails #trna #easternails🐰 #easterbunnies
Biology is the most beautiful technology where DNA is software, proteins are hardware, and cells are factories. Central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA → Protein Transcription is the first part of the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA → RNA. It’s the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA (complement a strand of DNA). Once the DNA has opened, and RNA polymerase has attached, the RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, adding RNA nucleotides to the growing mRNA strand. The template strand of DNA is used as to create mRNA through complementary base pairing. The result is a strand of mRNAthat is nearly identical to the coding strand DNA - the difference being that DNA uses the base thymine, and the mRNA uses uracil in the place of thymine. The new mRNA is not yet ready for translation. It’s called pre-mRNA, and it must got through more processing before it leaves the nucleus as mature mRNA. The processing may include splicing, editing, and polyadenylation. These processes modify the mRNA in various ways, allow a single gene to be used to make more than one protein. Translation is the second part of the central dogma of molecular biology: RNA → Protein. mRNA is read to make a protein, after mRNA leave the nucleus, it moves to a ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in mRNA, and molecules of tRNA bring amino acids to the ribosome in the correct sequence. Translation occurs in three stages: Initiation, Elongation, and Termination. After a polypeptide chain is synthesized, it may undergo additional processing to form the finished protein. 📸created by CK-12/Adapted by Christine Miller #protein #proteinsynthesis #dna #cell #nucleo #nucleous #rna #biology #biologystudent #photo #art #transcription #translation #eukaryotic #cytoplasm #ribosome #mrna #trna #ribosome #study #student
Post no 12 : RNA and It’s types . . . . #RNA #mRNA #tRNA #rRNA #ncRNA #siRNA #miRNA #snRNA #snoRNA #piRNA #lncRNA #sRNA #Transcription #GeneExpression #RNAProcessing #RNAWorld #RNASeq #RNAi #Bioinformatics #MolecularBiology #Genetics #Genomics #Science #Biology #Research #Biochemistry #ScienceCommunication #csirnet #gate #csirlifescience
. . . . . . . . . #vailvillage #instagood #exploremore #trendingreels #newpost #northestar #instareels #explore #instagram #newmusic #trna #asanorte #attitude #frenchbulldog #assam
The production of a protein by a eukaryotic cell: a summary ‼️ We have seen that many different types of chemical reactions are required to produce a properly folded protein from the information contained in a gene. The final level of a useful protein in a cell therefore depends on the efficiency with which each of the many steps is performed. We also now know that the cell devotes enormous resources to selectively degrading proteins, particularly those that fail to fold properly or accumulate damage as they age. It is the balance between the rates of synthesis and degradation that determines the final amount of every protein in the cell. #translation #mRNA #transcription #Cancer #rnapolymerase #enzyme #ribosome #centraldogma #trna #genome #GeneRegulation #cancerbiology #RNA #molecularbiology #genetics #cancerresearch #protein #genomics #biology #gene #DNA
The chemical modification and nucleolytic processing of a eukaryotic precursor rRNA molecule into three separate ribosomal RNAs. Two types of chemical modifications are made to the precursor rRNA before it is cleaved. Nearly half of the nucleotide sequences in this precursor rRNA are discarded and degraded in the nucleus by the RNA exosome. The processing of the ribosomal RNAs begins while they are still being transcribed; the nascent transcripts also begin to be assembled with ribosomal proteins. The rRNAs are named according to their “S” values, which refer to their rate of sedimentation in an ultracentrifuge. The larger the S value, the larger the rRNA. #trna #mRNA #transcription #Cancer #rnapolymerase #phenotype #genotype #nucleotide #translation #centraldogma #ribosome #enzyme #cancer #cancerbiology #RNA #molecularbiology #cancerbiologyresearch #cancerresearch #protein #genomics #biology
किसी के दुनिया से हमे कुछ मतलब नही है खुद की दुनिया के बाप है हम......😈🦅 . . . #virelreels #virelaflop #trna #trendy #explore #explorepage #fyp #instragram #instrafood #bhaichara
How about a skittles mani today? Needed some COLOUR today!! These amazing pretties are by @roguelacquer from Rachel's Summer 2021 Collection (l-r) Neon Lights, Dancing Free, Physical, As If, and Hot Girl. Stamped with @lanternandwren White Sticky Stamping Polish and @uberchicbeauty Plate Welcome Spring. #canadiannails #polishedcanadians #canadiannailgirl #supportindies #indiepolish #ilovenailpolish #nailpolishaddict #nailpolishaholic #nailpolishlover #nails #nailart #nailpolishaddict #naillover #nailsofig #nailsofinstagram #nailsoftheday #nailsaddict #nailsnailsnails #nailstagram #nailpolishcollector #nailpolishcollection #nailpolishlover #naturalnail #nails #awesomenails #trna #skittlenails #skittlemani #skittlemanicure
I'd be remiss if i didn't post this Saint Patrick's Day mani using this gorgeous green by @beeskneeslacquer Area 51, stamped with @lanternandwren Sticky White Stamping Polish, perfect for those fine lines, and @mundodeunas Plate Irish 1. #canadiannails #polishedcanadians #canadiannailgirl #supportindies #indiepolish #ilovenailpolish #nailpolishaddict #nailpolishaholic #nailpolishlover #nails #nailart #nailpolishaddict #naillover #nailsofig #nailsofinstagram #nailsoftheday #nailsaddict #nailsnailsnails #nailstagram #nailpolishcollector #nailpolishcollection #nailpolishlover #naturalnail #nails #awesomenails #trna #green #greennails #saintpatricksday
☘️🇮🇪☘️Luck O’ the Irish ☘️🇮🇪☘️ #sinfulcolors Using multiple stamping polishes & plates by Lina Nail Art Supply #linanailartsupply Lantern & Wren #lanternandwren What’s Up Nails #whatsupnails Maniology #hellomaniology UberChic #uberchic Twinkled T #twinkledt Clear Jelly Stamper #clearjellystamper Mundo de Uñas #mundodeunas Hit the Bottle #hitthebottle For base and topcoats: IMK PeelEze #imkcolors Orly Bonder #orlybonder Seche Vite Dry Fast Top Coat #sechevite #nails #nailsofinstagram #nailstamping #nailstampingsisterhood #trna #stampingnailart #therealnailaddicts
سفر آمینواسید با tRNA 😲 آمینو اسید برای رسیدن به ریبوزوم و شرکت در ساخت پروتئین باید توسط tRNA ها حمل بشه حالا چجوری ؟ 🤔 در tRNA یه توالی ۳ نوکلئوتیدی داریم به اسم آنتی کدون، که در یاخته ها یه آنزیم وجود داره که با توجه به این توالی ها، آمینواسید مخصوصش رو به tRNA متصل میکنه و پیش به سوی ریبوزوم ... ✈ بفرست واسه دوستات تا اونام مرور کنن 🙌 #زیست #زیست_شناسی #زیست_کنکور #زیست_مدرسه #پزشکی #تجربی #نکته #تست #دانشگاه #مدرسه #tRNA #ریبوزوم #آمینواسید #پروتئین #یاخته #آنزیم #سلول #انیمیشن
【香港青年科學院 X 明報《常識學堂》STEM專欄】 #香港青年科學院 一直致力推廣 #科學，希望拉近大眾與科學的距離，讓更多對科學有興趣的青年人加入科創行列。香港青年科學院院士 #郭駿傑 博士於3月11日在 #明報 的《 #常識學堂》撰文，主題為「#科學家的故事」，為大家講解「RNA的研究」。 全文如下： #DNA（#去氧核糖核酸）想必大家都耳熟能詳，那麼 #RNA（#核糖核酸）是什麼？而 #mRNA疫苗 是如何幫助我們對抗 #新冠病毒？今集香港青年科學院院士、#香港城市大學 化學系副教授 #郭駿傑 博士會為大家揭開RNA的神秘面紗。 DNA與RNA DNA和RNA同時存在於人體細胞中，DNA主要用作長期遺傳訊息的儲存。當人類需要使用這些遺傳訊息時，DNA便會通過「轉錄作用」（Transcription），形成與DNA序列相對應的RNA序列，讀取遺傳訊息。 RNA主要分為三類，包括 #tRNA（#轉運核醣核酸）、 #rRNA（#核醣體核醣核酸）及 #mRNA（#信使核糖核酸）。其中mRNA是負責傳遞遺傳訊息，指導細胞進行蛋白質（protein）合成。 當細胞需要表達特定基因作用時，DNA的訊息就會通過轉錄RNA，製作成許多與特定基因相對應的mRNA，再由mRNA傳遞遺傳訊息，及轉譯（Translation）為蛋白質，執行身體所需要的功能，例如在製造攜帶氧氣的血紅素、用於控制血糖值的胰島素及對抗病原體的抗體等。 對抗新冠病毒的mRNA疫苗 隨著科學和技術的進步，我們對RNA的理解和應用也在不斷增加，為人類健康和疾病治療帶來了新的可能性，例如在新冠肺炎病毒肆虐全球的期間，mRNA疫苗的問世就成了一個重要的突破。 mRNA疫苗的原理是將病原體的特定基因序列轉錄成mRNA，通過注射進入人體內細胞後，人體的免疫系統會辨識外來細胞並產生相應的抗體。在辨識的過程中，我們的身體可能會出現一些輕微的副作用，如頭痛、發燒和發冷等。若我們日後真的感染病毒，身體內的免疫系統便能更快速有效地對抗病毒的侵害。 mRNA疫苗為全球人類帶來了正面作用，不僅縮短了COVID-19大流行的持續時間，同時亦大大減低死亡率，挽救了數百萬人的生命！ 潛力無限的RNA研究 除了mRNA疫苗之外，不少 #科學家 正致力研究調控RNA，了解蛋白質數量和 #蛋白異構體（ #isoform）的控制機制，找出對抗疾病的良方妙藥。 以我一直研究的「RNA G-四鏈體」（ #rG4）為例，它是一種由RNA序列形成的特殊結構，對於調控致癌基因有著重要作用。 #癌症 是由於癌症基因出現或抑癌基因的功能喪失而成，而rG4則可以在人體致癌基因形成時，抑制腫瘤蛋白（壞蛋白），阻止癌症的形成。為進一步鑽研rG4，我和團隊亦研發了能夠辨識特定 rG4的「L-RNA 核酸適體」新型工具，可用於診斷、治療及基礎生物學的研究，助人類治療疾病。
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Consequences of Point Mutations Within the Coding Sequence of a Protein-Coding Gene #Cancer #GeneRegulation #centraldogma #dnapolimerase #mRNA #transcription #trna #translation #replication #nucleotide #genotype #cancer #RNA #molecularbiology #mutations #genetics #cancerbiologyresearch #cancerresearch #mutation #protein #genomics #biology #gene #DNA
Overview of gene regulation in (a) bacteria and (b) eukaryotes‼️ The relative widths of the red arrows indicate the prominence with which gene regulation is used to control the production of functional proteins. #mRNA #ribosome #Cancer #trna #chromatine #microbiology #bacteria #replication #centraldogma #dnareplication #dnapolimerase #transcription #translation #cancer #cancerbiology #RNA #molecularbiology #genetics #cancerbiologyresearch #cancerresearch #protein #genomics #cell #biology #gene #DNA
Examples of ncRNAs‼️ Description - TERC facilitates the binding of telomerase to the telomere and acts as a template for DNA replication. - Xist RNA coats one of the X chromosomes in female mammals and plays a role in its compaction and resulting inactivation. - HOTAIR alters chromatin structure and thereby represses transcription by guiding histone-modifying complexes to target genes. - - tRNA molecules recognize mRNA codons during translation and carry the appropriate amino acid. - rRNAs are components of ribosomes, which are the site of polypeptide synthesis. miRNAs and siRNAs regulate the expression and degradation of mRNAs. - In bacteria, SRP directs the synthesis of some polypeptides to the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes, it directs polypeptide synthesis to the endoplasmic reticulum. - crRNA, found in bacteria and archaea, guides an endonuclease to foreign DNA, such as the DNA of a bacteriophage. #chromatine #mRNA #Cancer #telomere #crisprcas9 #ribosome #trna #cancer #cancerbiology #RNA #molecularbiology #genetics #cancerbiologyresearch #cancerresearch #genomics #biology #gene #DNA #ncrna
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Skin care 😁❣️ #trending #trna #trendingreels #viralvideos #viral
Vedeli ste, že keď dieťatku nastavíte večernú spánkovú rutinu, môže vám to uľahčiť život ? 🤔 Novorodenec máva často spánkové rytmy prehodené a nepravidelné. Avšak po niekoľkých dňoch máte šancu, aby ste mu nastolili orientačne určitý termín, ktorý pomôže vám aj bábätku 😴😴 Ako teda pomôcť bábätku vytvoriť si správnu rutinu ? Jednoznačne pomôže kúpeľ, prezlečenie do pyžamka, masáž s olejčekom alebo čítanie knihy. Ak to budete robiť pravidelne v určitom čase, dieťa si na to zvykne a nebude mať problém so spánkom. Nezabúdajme, že ak má dieťa nepravidelný režim alebo málo spánku, môže časom prísť k poruchám jeho správania ☝🏻 Takže milé mamičky a oteckovia, držíme vám palčeky pri vytváraní rutiny pre vášho drobčeka 🫶🏻 . . . . . . #bambinitrnava #bambinikociky #spanok #baby #newborn #novorodenec #deti #sleep #rutina #trna
The second part of protein synthesis is translation. Make sure you learn all the steps involved. #proteinsynthesis #translation #ribosomes #trna #mrna #alevelbiology #alevelbiologynotes #alevelbiologyrevision #biology
Elongation cycle of translation. 1. Elongation factors (not shown) use GTP to install the incoming tRNA into the A site. 2. Peptide bond formation is then catalyzed by the 23S rRNA. 3. Translocation of the ribosome along the mRNA from one codon to the next requires hydrolysis of another GTP and results in movement of the tRNA with the growing peptide to the P site. The outgoing tRNA is released from the E site. 4. The next charged tRNA binds to the A site and the cycle repeats. The genetic code, expressed as codons of mRNA, is shown in. Translation of a given polypeptide ends when the ribosome reaches any one of three stop codons because no tRNA has an anticodon sequence complementary to the three-base sequence in a stop codon. (Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 16th edition) #science #molecularbiology #molecularmicrobiology #microbiology #biology #translation #gtp #rrna #trna #genetic #geneticcodes #codons #peptidebond #translocation #ribosome #polypeptides #anticodon
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Vribozyme, the RNA Pokémon! Type: Poison “Being so simplistic, Vribozymes survive by drawing electrons and other forms of energy from nearby molecules. The red gem in the center is said to hold the RNA it’s composed of together, emanating a sort of glow that seems to resemble conscious thought.” Catch Drawing Live on twitch.tv/voltaicglint278 Catch Old Livestreams and Videos on https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCbY6mVZbe9THXnS-YzBvBOg #pokemon #fakemon #carbohs #naturalhistory #paleontology #paleoart #paleoblr #evolution #art #creative #mycreation #fangame #procreate #RNA #tRNA #cell
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